Polio Vaccination. Prices, Reviews, Ratings
Polio vaccination
The first vaccination against this pathology took place in 1955. This allowed many countries to almost completely get rid of epidemics. In America, for example, this virus has not been detected for a long time. At the moment, it is still found in Asian and African countries. There are especially many sources of infection in India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
There are many reasons why a child is vaccinated against polio so early:
- The virus is widespread throughout the globe.
- For a short time after birth, the baby retains the mother's immunity, but then it begins to weaken and is then exposed to serious risk.
- The virus is very easily spread through everyday life - through water, air, food.
- Very often the virus is carried by insects.
- Children are much more likely to get polio than adults.
Polio vaccination schedule
Each country in the world has its own polio vaccination schedule. It depends on how favorable the situation is with the spread of the virus in a given part of the planet. If the risk of encountering pathogenic microorganisms is high, the child is vaccinated immediately after birth.
In the Russian Federation, the polio vaccination schedule is as follows:
- 3 months;
- 4 months;
- 5 months;
- 6 months;
- 1.5 years;
- 5 years.
If, for a number of valid reasons, the vaccination could not be done within the established time frame, the vaccination schedule may be shifted.
A sick child must recover, only after which the doctor will do the next vaccination according to the schedule.
Polio vaccination for children
Conventionally, vaccines are divided into two types: live oral and inactivated. You can tell more about each:
1. Live oral vaccine. It was developed in 1955 by the doctor Sebin. It is a composition that contains a certain amount of live polio viruses. This is a reddish composition with an unpleasant taste, it is instilled into the mouth 2-4 drops. Children try to drip it on the base of the tongue so that it is not so bitter. Vaccine bacteria of the virus, penetrating the body, begin to actively multiply, producing antibodies that form a protective barrier of the body.
In response to the vaccine, patients may have the following health problems:
- increased body temperature;
- upset stomach.
This is considered a normal reaction of the body, which does not require medical or drug intervention. However, complications are also possible. For example, if a child has serious intestinal or stomach pathologies or reduced immunity. In this case, the entry of a weakened virus causes the development of a typical one. In this case, paralysis may develop. This deviation occurs in one out of a million cases.
2. The inactivated vaccine was created by Dr. Salk in 1950. In this case, the polio virus is neutralized with formalin. That is, the drug contains dead strains. This vaccine is produced in syringes with a tiny needle of 0.5 ml of the composition. The drug is injected into the muscle of the shoulder or thigh. It ensures the development of antibodies in the human body. After vaccination, they do not multiply, because the viruses initially enter the patient's body killed.
The response to vaccination is as follows:
- the formation of a small swelling and red edema at the injection site;
- in the first 24 hours after the injection, an increase in body temperature is possible;
- general malaise.
Both types of vaccination are considered effective and are indicated for use in the Russian Federation.
Indications for vaccination are the child reaching the age stipulated by the schedule. In this case, the child's health status must be taken into account. Contraindications include:
- gastrointestinal and intestinal diseases;
- AIDS or HIV infections;
- ARI, ARVI and any other respiratory diseases;
- neurological disorders;
- malignant tumors;
- diseases in the acute stage.
At the request of parents, the live form of the vaccine can be replaced with an inactivated one.
Complications after vaccination can be the following:
- allergic reactions;
- an increase in body temperature above 37.7 degrees;
- redness on the body;
- frequent and loose stools.
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